1. Water Activity (aw) vs Equilibrium Relative Humidity
Makhana is extraordinarily hygroscopic. If equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) exceeds 60%, popped lava absorbs ambient atmospheric moisture, resulting in textural softening (loss of crunch) and potential mold development. Maintaining water activity below 0.50 aw is the scientific benchmark for long-distance transport.
2. Packaging Barriers for Ocean Transit
Standard woven sacks allow moisture ingress. Export consignments require multi-layer co-extruded barrier liners (LDPE + Nylon) or hermetically sealed master cartons with integrated desiccants to withstand high-humidity marine corridors.
3. Cold Storage Guidelines
Warehouse temperatures between 15°C–20°C with relative humidity below 50% preserve cellular crispness and prevent enzymatic oxidation of residual lipids for over 18 months.